Height :-
At birth average ht is 50cms
It should increase as follows
1st 6 months 2.5 cms every month
Next 6 months 1.25 cms per month
1st year of life + 25 cms per year
1 to 2yrs +12.5 cms per year 2 to 12yrs +6.25 to 7.5 cms per year.
Birth height doubles at 4 yr of age & trebbles at 13yrs of age.
2to 4 yrs ht in inches = ( Age in yrs x 2.5 ) +30 inches.
4 to 11 yrs in inches = ( age in year x 2) + 32 inches.
Height of adult in centimeters = twice that of child at 2yrs of age in cms + 2cms.
Weight
Initially birth wt is lost but is regained by 10th day.
It increases one ounce per day upto 6 months
doubles birth wt 5 to 6 months
second half of 1st year 15 gm per day increase
birth wt trebbles by 1 year, quadruples by 2.5year of age.
weight in pounds
3 to 12 months = Age (months)+11
4 to 8 yrs = 6 xage in years +12
8to 12 yrs = 7x age in yrs +5
weight after 1yr = ( age in yr +3 ) x5
Head Circumference :-
At birth 1.25 to 2.5 cms larger than chest. 1st 2 months same than smaller .
Chest :-
Barrel shaped at birth transverse diameter i= Ap diameter
1 st year transverse is 25 % more than Ap
6th year Transverse 33% more than Ap
Upper segment : lower segment
Upper segment is crown to symphysis pubis and lower segment is symphysis to sole.
At birth Mid point is 1.8cms above umbilicus
At 2 yrs it is just below umbilicus because extremities grow more rapidly than trunk.
At 16yrs mid point is near symphysis pubis.
Sitting height at birth 70 % of total length.
at 3yrs 57%of total length
at puberty 52% of total length
There are medical conditions in which sitting ht to total ht ratio falls.
Sutures & Fontanelle
Anterior fontanelle is 2.5cms x 2.5cms at birth , it closes between 9to 16 months
Main sutures fuse by 6months.
Premature closure of sutures and fontanelle can be dangerou for growing brain which grows greatest in first year of life and 80% of total growth of brain is in first 4 years of life.
Melinisation begins after 3 months and is complete by 3yrs.
Heart is transverse in young infant , apex of heart is in 4th intercostal space , by 8 yrs it comes in 5th intercostal space. Upto 1yr heart is 55% of width of chestin adults it is 50% width of chest.
Urine 1st day is 15cc , 10th day is 100 to 300 cc.
There is no air in GIT upto 6hrs of life meconium is passed upto 3 days , transitional stools 4th to 7 days and later loose slimy green .
Tonsils increase in size upto 5yrs of age and are mistakenly diagnosed by inexperienced doctors as enlarged tonsils and children are unnecessarily operated upon making children loose precious defense organ of body.
Pulse rate in new born to 1 year per minute 120 & Bp 85/60
2ys 110 , 4rs 100 , BP same as above.
6yrs 100 BP 90/60 , 8yrs 90 , BP 95/64
10yrs 90 & BP 100/65 , 12 yrs 90 & BP 110/70.
Ossification of centers , at birth 5 centers are present 2 in knee and 3 in ankle in talus , calcaneus and cuboid . At 6 months 2 carpal bones capitate and hamate appear.
Thus it is very important for a pediatrician to examine the child keeping all dynamic growth of child in mind and parents must realise that child is not just mini adult . Child needs pediatric expert.
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